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Chloride resistance testing

12/01/02	ACCI REF.NO.58324 – CYCLIC CHLORIDE PENETRATION (ACCI METHOD)
	The University of New South Wales: The Australian Centre for Construction Innovation
	Properties of Type GP Cement Concrete Modified with Penetron Admix
	Results: After 14 days cyclic exposure in 15% salt solution and drying at 40ºC show the Chloride Penetration Depth (mm) to be 19.7 for Mix-P and 26.6 for Mix-C. The ACCI accelerated chloride penetration test demonstrated at 35% reduction in the accelerated chloride penetration depth with the use of Penetron Admix in concrete Mix-P compared to the control concrete Mix-C.

8/31/2004	REPORT NO.: 2004A102007
	Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences
	Chloride Ion Penetration of Concrete: Hardened Concrete: Accelerated Chloride Penetration
	Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient of Concrete
	Results: Chloride ion diffusion coefficient can directly indicate penetration velocity of chloride ions through the concrete specimens. Penetron Admix could significantly reduce the passage of chloride containing solutions and improve concrete compactness. Penetron Admix modified concrete had a 30.8% reduction at 90 days when compared to control concrete with similar slump.

10/10/2005	REPORT NO. 05-4070A
	Sor Testing Laboratories, Inc., Cedar Grove, NJ
	Laboratory Tests of Penetron Admix in Concrete
	Results: As per AASHTO-T 277, Penetron Admix treated concrete showed very low chloride permeability with 750 charges passed/coulombs. The control concrete showed high chloride permeability with 4130 charges passed/coulombs.

3/29/2006	REPORT NO.: 06-1918
	Sor Testing Laboratories, Inc., Cedar Grove, NJ
	Laboratory Testing of Penetron Admixture As Per NCHRP-244 Methods
	Results: As per the requirements of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 244, there was considerable reduction in the chloride content in the specimens treated with the Penetron. The reduction in chloride absorption by weight percent were.

Treatment	Reduction
Penetron Treated	89.7
Treated (Exposed to UV)	89.1
It was noted that exposure to ultraviolet light had only a minor effect on the chloride absorption. In the control specimens, the depth of chloride penetration was very high at 0-1 inch depths and rather considerable at 1-2 inch depths. In the treated samples, chloride penetrations were measurable but not high at 0-1 inch depths. While at the 1-2 inch depths, the chloride penetrations were minimal. It is concluded from these test results that treating concrete with Penetron Admixture at the rate studied reduced considerably (at least 89%) the amounts of chloride penetrations to a concrete depths of 1 inch and practically eliminates the penetration of chlorides to depths beyond 1 inch.

CHLORIDE (CL-) ION CONTENT OF CONCRETE CUBES AFTER 21-DAYS SOAKING IN 15% NACL SOLUTION () (*)
Type of Treatment	Chloride Ion Content % by Weight of Concrete
Type of Treatment	0-1 Inch Depth	1-2 Inch Depth
Control (Untreated)	0.244	0.021
Control (Untreated) Exposed to UV Light	0.246	0.021
Penetron Treated	0.023	0.004
Penetron Treated (Exposed to UV Light)	0.024	0.005

* The background chloride content of the concrete was 0.001%. All results were
corrected by subtracting the background value from the chloride results.

** All test results are the average of triplicate tests.

WATER ABSORPTION AFTER SOAKING IN 15% NACL SOLUTION FOR 21 DAYS
Type of Treatment	Weight, Gain % (*)
Control (Untreated)	2.89
Control – Untreated (Exposed to UV Light)	2.92
Penetron Treated	0.57
Penetron Treated (Exposed to UV Light)	0.60

* 0-2 inch depth

5/1/2006	REPORT NO.: 06-3241
	Sor Testing Laboratories, Inc., Cedar Grove, NJ
	Shrinkage, Modulus, Resistance to Chlorides & Creep Test of Penetron Admixture Treated Concrete
Resistance to Chloride Penetration
Age, days	Depth, inches	Chloride (CI) Contents (*)
		mg/kg	Ibs./cu yard
60	0.0625 to 0.50 0.50 to 1.0	37 24	0.14 0.09
90	0.0625 to 0.50 0.50 to 1.0	42 26	0.16 0.10

(*) the dry unit weight of the concrete was 3915 Ibs./cu. yard.